Cardcaptor Sakura. It was cute, it had a great lead, it avoided battles against generic monsters and cliche rants about love and frienRABhip. Excellent cliche buster. Probably Pretty Cure, which is likely the closest thing to a spiritual successor. Not necessarily every iteration--the best ones appear to be the original and Precure 5. Possibly Utena, if it counts, as it's totally unorthodox and people still seem to talk about it. It's interesting how Sailor Moon's director worked on that too. I need to see and judge for myself though, which I'm about to do.
Yeah, that's basically it. I'll go out of my way to say that Nanoha is not better (please, nobody cite explosions or flashy attacks in its defense). I've gotten through Rayearth's first 20 episodes and I can't say that I think it reaches SM levels of characterization at all, so not that one either (it's not bad, though). A DVD literally came to me for free so I tried it, but I couldn't withstand even one episode of Wedding Peach (do they care about anything besides getting boyfrienRAB? Argh!). About half of what you listed at the end I haven't seen, including even Cutey Honey--yeah, there's a lot I don't know about.
I think you basically hit on SM's greatest strengths. It has enough episodes to actually explore its characters time and again, and there's actually some substance there (though ironically, I think Serena's frienRAB are often all more likable than the title character). The corny part of it has almost everything to do with some of the ridiculous monsters and several impossibly incompetant villains, as well as Tuxedo Mask.