A tax as you describe CAN pay off a country's debt, but ONLY IF THE COUNTRY DOESN'T GO FURTHER INTO DEBT DURING THAT TIME.
US politicians can't seem to grasp that concept, and they certainly haven't shown any signs of being able to live within their means. And that goes for all parties, not any one in particular.
You don't tell us what country / island you're a citizen of, so I can't say whether it's worked well for you, or if you had deep debt, or if you made all the story up. If it's all true, I applaud you, your fellow countrymen, and your government and leaders. I hope you can pass on the example to the rest of us.