Android will only call or text to contacts with numbers, so it doesn't list any that doesn't have at least one number entered. As they're entered as Notes you will not see your contacts when trying to call/text
The easiest, safest, but longest way to fix this is to go to your GMail account using your PC's browser, go to Contacts, and simply cut and paste the Notes entry for every one of your contacts into one of the phone number boxes, then save it. When your phone next syncs all the changes will appear on your phone.
If you're comfortable hacking stuff, a quicker way would be to click Export, select Everyone, select Google CSV, click the Export button, save the file somewhere. You now have all of your contacts exported into a CSV file. From here you can try one of two things...
Either, rename it to a .txt file, import it into Excel (it's important to import it as text or it'll treat the phone numbers as actual numbers and trim off any 0s at the start), set each column to Text format, and import it. Then cut the data under the Notes column and paste it into the column named "Phone 1 - Value". Save the file as CSV format and give it a new name.
Or, you could try opening the file in Notepad, finding the word "Notes" on the first line, deleting the word "Notes" and swapping it for "Phone 1 - Value". Then finding the word "Phone 1 - Value" further along that line, deleting it, and replacing it with the word "Notes". I've never tried this, but it might work.
Once you've saved the above CSV file, you should then be able to delete all of your contacts in GMail, and import them again from your modified CSV file using the Import option on GMail (it was next to the Export link).
Good luck! Let us know how you get on.