1. In plant tissue culture, so do we mutiply the plant. Do we take out one stem from...

[arenestar]

...the plant? without the roots?But will this works because one plant has only one apical meristem right so stems alone would not be able to regenerate the whole plant rite?


2. How can we use leaves the form the entire plant?We must form the apical and root meristem first rite?How do we do this?


3. Do plants form more than one apical meristem and root meristem?Because if not, how can we use branches from the plant to grow the whole plant?Is every 'peak' of the branch apical meristem?



3. Is all cells of a plant totipotent for example the leaves, roots, stem?

4. Does the meristem bud in the plant pre-determined to be a specific part eg leaf or stem or flower?Or it must be induced to form one?
5. During mutliplication process, how do we identify which part of the plant is intended as 'one unit' to transfer it to another medium?I mean do the plant have like a defined 'fragment' u could used?I mean for example u cant just take the leaf itself rite?So do u need to take the stem and apical meristem rite, cause the roots can be induced?Or can take the roots together?

 

[David B]

I'm not sure I understand all of you questions so I'll answer in a general fashion.

Gymnosperms and dicot angiosperms have multiple apical meristems, one at the tip of every branch and dicots typically have dormant buds (that will form apical meristems) at nodes. Monocots typically have one meristem referred to as a basal meristem. All three have meristems at root tips and can form new ones to grow feeder roots.

Tissue culture does not rely on meristems to reproduce plants although they are often used. Tissue culture depends on plant cell totipetency to reproduce whole plants from a mother plant on as little as a single cell. For example many orchids are produced by taking a section of the flower stalk. Some ferns are reproduced by literally putting leaves into a blender and then culturing the cells in a liquid medium. However not all cells in the plant are totipotent, mature xylem cells are dead at maturity and thus can not be used to for new plants.

In order to use a single cell as a platform for a new plant that cell must first be dediferentiated (a process that "convinces" the cell that it does not serve a specific purpose e.g. palisade mesophyll or companion parenchyma) and then redifferentiated to a meristematic cell. Plant hormones are used to fill this purpose.

There are many commercial growers that rely on tissue culture as their means of propagation. When planning on growing a specific species the company must go through a process (often long and complicated) to figure out the exact process that works for that species, once it is figured out the protocol is kept highly secret by the company. Each species responds to tissue culture differently. Long story short there is no direct answer to question to answer 5.

Hope this answers your questions.