The police do not need probable cause or reasonable suspicion to do a pat down search of someone they have detained. Your friend is facing some big problems and how the search happened will not help him. A real lawyer will.
You need to look at state law as that will cover if punitive damages are available and if so at what rate. Otherwise you are only looking at recovering your loss from the breach.
They can not force him to purchase a cellphone, however they can require him to remain on base if he does not have a method to be contacted 24/7 (including time commuting and going to the store).
Your choice.
He has to pay the amount specified by the court order. If his payments are less than that then you can take him to court for contempt of court and he could be ordered to pay back support.
No, you can not use a public defender for this.