Europe, especially Western Europe was a wasteland and backwater after the fall of the Roman Empire. Even the Byzantine was far behind Muslim and Asian cultures. Then, seemingly without warning the Renaissance and Enlightenment come about and Western civilization became ascendant technologically, as well as innovating Rule of Law and freedom supporting social developments and economic developments. Why do you think these developments came from a region that a short few hundred years before was so far behind other regions of the world? And indeed those other areas stagnated for so long? Do you think it was some cultural factor? Geography? What?