I think it works because umpires are humans. If you put pressure on them, they will think about what you said. Most of the umpires will not retaliate if players or managers trying to express their feeling, even if the situations were pretty hard core. Especially, when the managers are old and have a lot of experiences, umpires have to pay some respects to them.
However, if you are new to the game and try to argue too hard, umpires might treat your act disrespectful and retaliate on your action. However, he will also remember he had done something about it and will give more favourite calls next time. The game is all about borderline pitches, it is important to make it to your favourite even slightly. Therefore, arguing the calls works.
However, I think players or managers should not lose their temper and argue to hard and get thrown out. That is neither meaningful nor smart.