No, you cannot. Net 10 phones use Proprietary software and must have this software installed on the phone from the factory before it can be used on the Net-10 system.
Net 10 has a rather clever method of ensuring that their SIM cards cannot be used in a GSM phone that is not branded to Net10. When you buy a Net10 phone, it comes packaged with a SIM card. The phone and SIM card are locked to each other at the IMEI/ICC-ID level. Even if you put the Net10 SIM in another unlocked GSM phone, it will not work.