Good question.
This phrase seems to refer to the quality of the painting.
If it was referring to food, the correct phrase would be :
"He looked away, toward a Flemish painting of a bewitching delicacy on his wall."
There must be a quantifier for 'delicacy', for it to refer to food. In the above case, there isn't. And btw, an adjective describes the word it is DIRECTLY behind. So 'Flemish painting' would mean 'a painting of Flemish origins', whereas if you wanted to say FLEMISH food, it would be 'Flemish delicacy'. So you are incorrect to ask if the phrase referred to Flemish food.
If it was referring to perception, the correct phrase would be :
"He looked away toward a Flemish painting, to him of bewitching delicacy, on his wall."
In English, placement of punctuation marks is very important; it can drastically change the meaning of a sentence.
