Tort reform is essentially eliminating frivolous law suits.
One measure that could be taken is implementing "loser pays." Presently, or system is set up that anyone can sue a medical practitioner for anything. A law firm can be engaged and paid with tax dollars regardless of the merits of the case. Most of time, insurance companies will settle out of court to avoid the legal fees. Either way, the lawyers are paid. It was set up that way, on the surface, "to protect the little guy from the fat cat corporations." It was actually the trial lawyer "full employment act."
Implementing "Loser pays" will eliminate all frivolous law suits over nite. The lawyer will not take the case unless he'll be paid.
Other forms of reform are eliminating "jackpot lawsuits."
Here is an example of a frivolous law suit...not a medical one, but along the lines that doctors get sued.
"Lady sues McDonald's for broken coccyx for big money (over 1 million). The gist of the story is the lady sued McDonald's because she slipped on a spilled drink and broke her tailbone. The specifics of it are, moments before she slipped, she threw the drink at her boy friend. In the process of storming out...she slipped in the puddle.
Most doctors do pro bona work. They have to by law. There is a certain time of the year when a certain group comes into the emergency room for cuts and lacerations. This group is illegally in the US and don't pay for medical care received. This is where many of the malpractice lawsuits are coming from. The lawyers representing these unfortunate people seek huge rewards (aka. "jackpot"). See it this way, "Party A is dependent upon his hands for a living. Dr. X could not repair his hand to party A's satisfaction. Dr. X is a wealthy fat cat, poor party A is a laborer. We seek X million dollars." The courts often grant the award. It's all play money.