I would use a sheet to cover the table and over it a leopard print or even gingham. If the curtains in the room dont match you can even cover them the same way for a very quick fix if the curtain rods are sturdy, Achieving a 50s look can be a lot of fun!
If you have or can source old vinyl records that are maybe too scratched to play or something you can use a temporary non damaging method to a fix them to the walls (3m or blutack maybe?), or even just prop them up on mantlepieces, shelves etc.
