First you use a sophisticated mathematical technique called "division" to find the change in length per degree so, considering that the rod changed from 27.5 to 100, it changed by (100 - 27.5)
8.61 * 10^-4 / (100 - 27.5) meters/degree
then, knowing the meters' per degree, it shrinks at that 'rate' for the 27.5 degrees when you cool it to 0 C.