First Question: Dimentional analysis refers to making a measurement, like measuring length with a ruler, or time with a clock, or temperature with a thermometer. So using a thermometer to check for a fever is a way to use dimensional analysis to solve a simple problem.
Second Question: Uncertainty enters into measurement because sometimes it is difficult to tell where the correct measurement is. For example, if you use a ruler to measure the length of a piece of chalk, you may not be quite sure if its about 2.0 inches or more like 2.2 inches.
Uncertainty is indicated with a "plus or minus" sign, which is a plus sign on top of a minus sign (±), followed by the amount of error. So, for example with the chalk, you would say: 2.1 inches ± 0.1 inches (which means 2.1 inches plus or minus 0.1 inches). This is basically a way of saying the correct answer is somewhere in between 2.0 and 2.2 inches.
Third Question: A unit must be included with a measurement in order to give the measurement meaning. If you tell me that a piece of wood is 5 long, that doesn't mean anything, but if you tell me that it is 5 inches long or 5 feet long, that tells me something about the length. In this case inches and feet are units, and they add meaning to the measurement "5."