He needs to speak to his recruiter immediately if you are getting married before he leaves for Boot Camp. He enlisted as Single with no dependents and would now be Married with 1 dependent. This can cause complications and if he shows up at Boot Camp with that information he can actually get discharged.
When he goes to Boot Camp he needs to take your marriage certificate, birth certificate and SSN Card (originals or certified copies). You will then be entered into DEERS and get the benefits of any other dependent. Meaning ID card, medical, dental, base access, and so on. When he goes to A School only if it is longer than 6 months in one location (Boot Camp time doesn't count) then he might get accompanied orders meaning you can go with him. He then needs to complete BESS (Sub School) and then he will be assigned to a command. If the move is authorized then they will pay to move your things there and for you to travel there (vehicle if CONUS, flight if overseas). The first move you will have to pay out of pocket for travel and then get refunded, but your belongings will be packed by professional movers if you wish.
Submarines are more limited, it would be Groton, CT; Norfolk; VA; Kings Bay, GA: Bangor, WA; San Diego, CA; Pearl Harbor, HI or Guam that he could be stationed in. When he reports he can be on deployment immediately or home for a little while. It will vary depending on the type of submarine he is on and what they are doing. He can be gone 50% of the year or over 80% of the year. The Submarine community is a tight knit one and awesome to be a part of. You become part of a family and it does help. You will make friends that will become your family to be honest. When you get a chance take the Spouse 101 class that can help you understand a lot of things. When you get to the first command check out the FFSC (Fleet & Family Support Center) to find out what is offered in the community