What you're referring to in the web world is referred to as a template. Most blogs use these, as do content management systems such as joomla. The take the content you write and feed it in to the template for you.
Regular html doesn't work "automatically" like that, but if you're using an html program like Dreamweaver, GoLive, etc. it may have a template feature you could just as easily use. Check with the instructions of your html program to find out if it includes a template feature.