UWhile Article 28 of the Fourth Geneva Convention states: "The presence of a protected person may not be used to render certain points or areas immune from military operations," Article 48 of Protocol I states that "the presence within the civilian population of individuals who do not come within the definition of civilians does not deprive the population of its civilian character." This means the presence of military targets, including arms caches, in civilian areas of Beirut and in villages in the South of Lebanon, does not render those areas acceptable military targets. This also indicates Hizbullah's attacks on civilian targets are illegal under international law. Warring parties are also prohibited under the First Protocol from using civilians to shield their military installations, as Israel has accused Hizbullah of doing.