Goldfish are one of the few aquarium trade fish that are true cold water. They do not need a heater. A heater would actually shorten their lifespan, as would putting a tropical fish in cold water. Almost (but not all, there are a few rare exceptions) all other fish you will see in the trade, including Bettas, need a heater, as well as a filter.
Even though Goldfish don't require heaters, they cannot live in unfiltered, cramped bowls!
Remember to cycle your tank before you put your goldfish in - read up on nitrogen cycle.