In the movie spaceballs, where they were on the desert planet and they saw the,...?

,...Princesses's home planet and it looked like the size of a big, bright star, where they lived comfortably with green grass and trees, meaning, this desert planet was loser to the sun given the sand and heat everywhere, for a planet to be so much closer to a star than the neighboring planet looks tiny in the sky, would it be impossible for that planet closer to their star to only be that hot where life could still exist on it, or would it be way too hot and imposible to live on? Venus looks like a big, bright star in the sky but it's too hot to live on, so wouldn't that desert planet they were on in Spaceballs also be too hot for life to possibly exist? Or could it be possible, depending on what kind of star it was and how big it was?
BTW, if there existed such a spaceship that could go right to ludicrious speed, how long would it take to get to Alpha Centauri?
 
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