Resistors are composed of several elements and can be in many different forms, including wire made of a nickel and chrome alloy. They are part of most types of circuits, including printed and hybrid circuits. The size of the resistor must be taken into account when designing a circuit because a smaller resistor can overheat from power dissipation problems. There are several different types of resistors, including pull-up resistors and pull-down resistors.
# Pull-up resistors are resistors that are used in logic circuits. Pull-up resistors work to make sure that logic system inputs remain at the correct levels in the event that other devices are removed from the device. Pull-up resistors "pull" the voltage of the wire up to a recalculated high voltage. The pull-up resistor is left intentionally weak, however. If another device pulls the voltage of the wire to another voltage, the pull-up resistor will not resist. The primary function of a pull-up resistor is to prevent excessive current from flowing through the circuit.
# Pull-up resistors consume less power in general than pull-down resistors, which pull voltage down to a predetermined level unless overpowered by another device. Pull-up resistors are therefore preferred in many circuits. Pull-up resistors do, however, have some disadvantages. When current is going through the resistor, a higher level of power is used. In addition, using the pull-up resistor takes longer than a regular current source. Despite the disadvantages, pull-up resistors are common in digital circuits.