The impact is almost immeasurable. You have:
The introduction of Penicillin and numerous advancements in surgical procedures.
In aviation, the airplane went from being steel tube and canvas covered with a standard prop (Glosmer "Gladiator") through the P-51 D "Mustang" with it's cantilevered wing, and variable pitch prop. to the Me-262 Jet fighter.
As for politics, at the Yalta Conference, the "Big Three" (England -- Churchill, Russia -- Stalin, and the U.S. -- Roosevelt) divided up the post war world. Which set the stage for the "cold war."