If I were on a spacecraft traveling past Jupiter and Saturn, what would they look like?

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Clearly the photos from Cassini, Galileo, etc are color enhanced.

Would it be so dim that our eyes would not be able to detect all the contrasts in color? Would it look more or less the same, just darker?
Not false color.

I mean “color enhanced” in the sense they were either edited such that the colors will appear brighter and more vivid or the optics are simply much more sensitive to light than the human eye.
 
Not all images are "color enhanced" as in someone making up colors of planets.

Images that are color enhanced were taken with sensors or types of film that capture waves of light that we can not see and the images must be interpreted. Through years of experience, they can tell you what certain wavelengths of light in various combinations represent and what the visible light colors most likely are.

As for images of Jupiter and Saturn and other objects in our Solar System, most of them have been photographed in visible light. So Saturn and Jupiter, in the sunlight (obviously you won't see anything if you're on the dark sides) will look much like the visible light pictures that most people have seen.

Cassini, especially, has taken visible light photographs of Saturn and there are visible light images of Jupiter as well from Galileo. Hubble has taken visible light images of all of these. Generally by taking multiple pictures in various hues of visible light (such as red, green, blue, etc) and then layering them; giving a stunning and sharp image of the actual objects.

EDIT:
Cameras can see certain things the human eye can not see but they are not as sharp as the a human eye. I can assure you the real Saturn and Jupiter will look much brighter and clearer than even the most heavily edited images, with the exception of the images being High-Dynamic Range (HDR). HDR is a sort of art-form and will give you the best contrast of light and colors but it is not a true view the human eye can detect..

When pictures are taken, like a photographer right here on Earth, they'll know if they've overexposed or underexposed or if they used an aperture too large or too big. If they don't like the results of the picture, then they will enhance, yes, but generally, what you see is what you get.
 
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