I know a mtDNA maternal DNA test stems from your mother. What about before her?

Yes, it does. Both sons and daughter get Mitochondrial from their mother but only the daughters pass it on to their children.

However, for it to be useful you need to be able to match your Mitochondrial with another's Mitochondrial. They will assign you to a Haplogroup based on your DNA and show you the origin of your nomadic ancestor going back frequently over 100,000 years but it is only in 1 line
as Y is only in 1 line. So assigning you to a Haplogroup might be interesting but I can't see its value in genealogy.

You have 2 parents, 4 grandparents, 8 great grandparents 16 great great grandparents and so on but in each generation you get your Y from only 1 and your Mitochondrial from only 1. For instance you have 16 great great grandparents and if you have both your Y & Mitochondrial done it will not include 14 of them. However, if you are successful at matching yourself with other family trees, you will no doubt discover some of the left out people.
 
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