usually a few weeks. REMEMBER ich is not a disease it is a parasite and it is in ALL water sources. ich will only attach itself to immune difficent fish. Quarantining your fish will not ensure your tank will never get ich since it is reintroduced each water change.
In general, it is good you have a quarantine tank. Personally I have never had one for my salt water tanks that I have had for more than 30 years. You really want to look your fish over carefully pprior to buying. You also do not want to buy a fish that just arrived unless he is still in the shipping container and has not been placed into the tank. Always have them hold the fish for a week or two for you.
What did you do with your other fish? You didn't quarantine them?
A few weeks.