Nuclear Power:
Uses fission to generate heat that is transferred to water, creating steam and moving a turbine (the turbine spins magnets, in earths magnetic field, and makes charge)
Wind:
Uses wind to turn the turbine, of course going through different gearing depending on the location/ environment.
Hydroelectric:
Uses water-flow from a river, that passes through a dam, and spins a turbine.
Coal:
This ones the cheapest, burn coal, releasing energy and making heat to make steam. Again, the steam spins the turbine.
Solar:
This ones different, and a bit complicated. Basically, the energy in the light from the sun chemically reacts with the photovoltaic cells on the solar panel. From this, the electrical energy is created. I know that the photovoltaic cells can transfer energy at an efficiency rate, that puts it behind energy production methods like nuclear and coal.
I hope i helped
