Some specific examples of effects to animals:
Land animals
Reindeer are expected to disappear from large portions of their current range by the end of the century.
Marmots are ending their hibernations about three weeks earlier than they did 30 years ago.
Canadian red squirrels are breeding about 18 days earlier.
Red foxes are spreading northward, encroaching on territory normally occupied by their artic cousins.
North American Fowler's toads are breeding six days later than they did a decade ago.
Polar bears today are thinner and less healthy than those of 20 years ago.
Sealife
Coral reefs around the world are predicted to increase by up to a third in size.
Elephant seal pups are leaner because their prey is migrating to cooler waters.
Loggerhead sea turtles are laying their eggs about 10 days earlier than they did 15 years ago.
Rising temperatures are influencing the sex of Hawkbill turtle hatchlings, with more females than males being born.
Tidal organisms like rock barnacles, mollusks, and tidal snails commonly found in warm southern waters are moving northward.
Many fish species are moving northward in search of cooler waters.
Birds
The diet of some songbirds are changing, with some avoiding insects that consume leaves exposed to high levels of carbon dioxide.
North American tree swallows are laying their eggs about nine days earlier than they did 40 years ago.
Common murres are breeding 24 days earlier than they did a decade ago.
Plants
Some plants are thriving in areas where their growth was limited before, thanks to temperature changes that provide more water, heat and sunlight.
American flowering plants like columbines and wild geraniums are blooming earlier than before.
Insects
Edith's checkerspot butterflies are moving northward in search of cooler temperatures.
A gene in the fruitfly Drosophila normally associated with hot, dry conditions has spread to populations living in traditionally cooler southern regions.
