ashleyreece
New member
1. Plasma is an example of
A intracellular fluid.
B extracellular fluid.
C lymph.
D interstitial fluid.
2. Open circulatory systems
A are characteristic of mammals.
B do not have a muscular pump.
C have low pressure.
D have specialised transporting fluid and vessels.
3. All arteries
A have valves to prevent the back flow of blood.
B carry oxygenated blood.
C have thick muscular walls.
D are connected to ventricles.
4. All white blood cells
A are produced in the bone marrow.
B produce antibodies to provide immunity.
C are less numerous and smaller than red blood cells.
D are able to move.
5. In autumn, the leaves of deciduous trees change colour and eventually fall. The change in colour is due to the movement of nutrients out of the leaves for storage. This involves
A xylem and phloem.
B only the xylem.
C only the phloem.
D diffusion.
6. Insects have an open circulatory system, yet in flight they may have a very high rate of energy use. Explain how highly active insects can function with an open circulatory system.
7. A human red blood cell is specialised for oxygen transport and exchange. When mature, it does not contain a nucleus. The human body needs to make about 2 million new red blood cells every minute.
(a) Sketch a red blood cell.
(b) Explain how its structure and shape facilitate oxygen exchange.
(c) What advantages and disadvantages might there be in a red blood cell not having a nucleus?
(d) How large is a red blood cell compared to the smallest blood vessels? Suggest how this might be an advantage.
9.A common problem for passengers on a long plane trip is that, upon arrival, their feet have become so swollen that they will not fit into their shoes. Airlines recommend exercises to help reduce this problem.
(a) Explain what causes feet to swell.
(b) How could exercise help?
(c) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT, also known as economy class syndrome) is of major concern to long-distance travellers. Explain why clots are likely to form and what precautions and measures could be taken to prevent this.
10. The treatment of snake bite has changed greatly since the days of cutting open the bite, sucking blood and applying a tight tourniquet. Now the recommended first aid treatment is to apply pressure to the bitten area with a fairly tight bandage, immobilise the bitten body part (usually a leg or arm), and transport the victim quickly for further medical treatment.
(a) Suggest some problems that could arise from the old method of treatment.
(b) Explain, from a cardiovascular point of view, the reasons for using the pressure–immobilisation method.
11. Why do the leaves of fresh vegetables, such as lettuce and celery, wilt after being picked? Suggest three ways of reducing wilting.
12. Celery curls are an attractive way of serving celery. They are made by taking sections of celery stalk, making several lengthwise cuts in one end and submerging them in cold water.
(a) What are ‘celery strings’?
(b) Explain what causes the celery ends to curl.
13. (a) Ringbarking was a common method of killing trees when Australia was first settled. Explain how the tree is killed.
(b) Unintentional ring barking is more common nowadays. Explain how this occurs and how it can be treated.
Any help would be appreciated, thanks in advance =]
A intracellular fluid.
B extracellular fluid.
C lymph.
D interstitial fluid.
2. Open circulatory systems
A are characteristic of mammals.
B do not have a muscular pump.
C have low pressure.
D have specialised transporting fluid and vessels.
3. All arteries
A have valves to prevent the back flow of blood.
B carry oxygenated blood.
C have thick muscular walls.
D are connected to ventricles.
4. All white blood cells
A are produced in the bone marrow.
B produce antibodies to provide immunity.
C are less numerous and smaller than red blood cells.
D are able to move.
5. In autumn, the leaves of deciduous trees change colour and eventually fall. The change in colour is due to the movement of nutrients out of the leaves for storage. This involves
A xylem and phloem.
B only the xylem.
C only the phloem.
D diffusion.
6. Insects have an open circulatory system, yet in flight they may have a very high rate of energy use. Explain how highly active insects can function with an open circulatory system.
7. A human red blood cell is specialised for oxygen transport and exchange. When mature, it does not contain a nucleus. The human body needs to make about 2 million new red blood cells every minute.
(a) Sketch a red blood cell.
(b) Explain how its structure and shape facilitate oxygen exchange.
(c) What advantages and disadvantages might there be in a red blood cell not having a nucleus?
(d) How large is a red blood cell compared to the smallest blood vessels? Suggest how this might be an advantage.
9.A common problem for passengers on a long plane trip is that, upon arrival, their feet have become so swollen that they will not fit into their shoes. Airlines recommend exercises to help reduce this problem.
(a) Explain what causes feet to swell.
(b) How could exercise help?
(c) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT, also known as economy class syndrome) is of major concern to long-distance travellers. Explain why clots are likely to form and what precautions and measures could be taken to prevent this.
10. The treatment of snake bite has changed greatly since the days of cutting open the bite, sucking blood and applying a tight tourniquet. Now the recommended first aid treatment is to apply pressure to the bitten area with a fairly tight bandage, immobilise the bitten body part (usually a leg or arm), and transport the victim quickly for further medical treatment.
(a) Suggest some problems that could arise from the old method of treatment.
(b) Explain, from a cardiovascular point of view, the reasons for using the pressure–immobilisation method.
11. Why do the leaves of fresh vegetables, such as lettuce and celery, wilt after being picked? Suggest three ways of reducing wilting.
12. Celery curls are an attractive way of serving celery. They are made by taking sections of celery stalk, making several lengthwise cuts in one end and submerging them in cold water.
(a) What are ‘celery strings’?
(b) Explain what causes the celery ends to curl.
13. (a) Ringbarking was a common method of killing trees when Australia was first settled. Explain how the tree is killed.
(b) Unintentional ring barking is more common nowadays. Explain how this occurs and how it can be treated.
Any help would be appreciated, thanks in advance =]