what time period? In ancient times, the greeks reached Egypt and went to war with them at their height, establish the famous city Alexandria, as well as the colony of Troy. The Romans followed and led campaigns to conquer it a few millenia later. In the last five hundred years, the Ottoman Empire(google it) was a collection of medditeranian, arabian and north african countries united together that was one of the world powers competing for colonies at the time. This empire was particularly rich in culture due to the mix of different countries that it was composed of. All of these people couldn't help but brush cultures during their wars and trades. Nowadays? Lots of cultures are intermingling in this age, but my opinion is that the southernmost meditteranian countries are the most similar, since they share the same sea and the same desert climate.