The post-classical era was an age of turmoil in western Europe. However, settled kingdoms soon developed, in england learning began to flourish again, churches and monasteries were built and towns and harbours developed. Trade began to flourish again. It was certainly a civilisation, even if it was not on such a grand scale as the Roman Empire. Read Bede's remarkable 'Ecclesiastical History of the English people' for an absolutely riveting account of this exciting period in england.
