Not if it has rim brakes. Then the brakes will miss the rims & possibly rub on the tires (non-functional & will damage the tires).
If it has the brakes in the pedals (pedal backwards to stop) or disc brakes, you could. If you have disc brakes, it would be expensive enough you'd probably be better off just buying a new bike.
In reality, it would throw the geometry off enough that it might not be very rideable anyway. I would just buy a cheap smaller bike if it's that much of a problem.