Yes you can, but you have to ask yourself is it worth the court's time and money you will have to spend (depending on the state you live in it can cost up to $100 to bring a claim in small claims). If it was an expensive, nice mountain bike per se, that may not be a bad idea. You want to make sure you have the evidentary support to bring this claim also too i.e. witnesses who either saw the person riding or breaking the bike or people he has said he broke the bike to, etc...
If the bike is not worth it, then I wouldn't sue on principles.