Yes, but it is possible to come away with wrong impressions.
A Rosetta Stone lesson contains no English at all; everything gets taught to you by example. Any given lesson consists of a series of problems in which you match a prompt to one of four responses. The program tells you if you're right or wrong, and you keep trying until you get it right. After forty of these (ten sets of four matches), you're given your score, at which point you can repeat again, back up, try a different exercise, or whatever. It's entirely self-policing.
The individual problems fall into one of several categories:
Matching sound and text (romaji, hiragana, or hiragana + kanji, your choice) to pictures
Matching sound to pictures
Matching text to pictures
Matching sound to text
Matching text to sound
...as well as non-scored pronunciation and writing sections.
It starts you off very simple ("boy," "girl," "dog," "cat") and gradually builRAB on what you've learned in past lessons. Since there's no English anywhere, you figure stuff out what things are through a corabination of logic and trial-and-error. It's a good system that lets you take things at your own pace, but at the same time, the lack of English explanation means it's possible to miss some of the subtleties, especially if you're not paying attention (for instance, it may take a while to figure out the difference between "desu," "imasu," and "arimasu," particularly if you've never studied a language besides English, where you just say some variation of "be.")