scientific progress and rationalism? Is a predominantly pagan culture (e.g. Roman Empire or Ancient Greece at Attica or Ionia) or a predominantly Christian culture (e.g. the Middle Ages in Western Europe where the Pope's influence was at its apogee) more conducive toward toward scientific enlightenment and rationalism? I know you would prefer that neither were predominant, but if the choice had to be made, which would be better and why would it be better? Was the transition from pagan Roman Empire to the Christendom of the Middle Ages ultimately a step forward, a neutral occurrence, or a step backward for science?