Any and all fish can survive (and thrive) without a filter ... but you are going to be doing a lot of water changes to maintain water quality.
A filters main job is to breakdown and convert waste to less harmful elements or compounds .... you can do the same through extensive water changes.
Fighter Fish (Betta) still have water changes done regularly in the absence of a filter.... and there are fish that are way more resilient than a Betta,but still need water quality maintained.
Since all fish produce waste,it still has to be removed one way or another... a filter really cuts down your work load.
... and those saying no fish can survive without a filter,please elaborate on the 150 year difference between aquariums and electricity.