There was a pretty good series from the
Los Angeles Times that
explained how an animated show was produced by looking at creating an episode of
Avatar the Last Airbender from start to finish. Unfortunately, it's either dropped off their site or gone behind the "cough up for content" wall, but you might be able to grab older versions using the Internet Wayback Machine or some other archival service.
Otherwise, I think visiting your local library and checking out any book about animation will answer a lot of your questions. Tony White's
Animation from Pencils to Pixels is pretty exhaustive about the art, craft, and business of making cartoons, and thus probably covers the part of the process that you're curious about the most thoroughly, as opposed to his earlier Animator's Workbook or something like Preston Blair's classic animation text or Thomas & Johnston's
Illusion of Life. White also gave us
a very nice interview about the book and about the animation biz in general, he said self-promotingly.
Even if whatever book you find gets more into the technical aspects than you want (I'm still not entirely sure what anybody means when they say something was "animated on the ones" and why it makes a difference), the general process of script/design to storyboard to voice recording to animatic to full animation to editing/post-production will be explained. My understanding is that most animation does all but the animation step in-house, export the full animation (i.e., the grunt work of drawing 24 pictures a second) overseas because labor is a lot cheaper, and then do edit/post on the returned animation. There are some shows (like
Avatar) that gives the overseas studio a lot more liberty to change, contribute, or adjust to both alleviate some workload and to give the studio a sense of ownership, but that's the exception and not the rule.
The short version is that your worship of Bruce Timm can remain perfectly intact, though.
-- Ed