Different societies developed differently. Some dealt with problems in ways that other could not. If you don't study the past you are deemed to repeat it. Asians, particularly the Chinese came up with a lot of the technological advances that helped the European civilizations conquered the world throughout their expansionist phase. To mention some, the mirror, the compass, black powder. The government systems had no comparison. While the west was still managing to establish well organized governments the Chinese had an empire that put even the Roman empire to shame. If you though that pasta was an Italian invention, think again. The Chinese were eating pasta back while when Christ was being nailed to the Cross.
The Art of War was written by Sun Tzu on the 6th century BC. The Art of War is one of the most influential books of the world. It is a very short book and you could read it in less than a day but to analyze it will take years. If you enter the office of any first executive of the world, especially the successful ones, or the office of any business magnate you'll find a copy there. It is almost a mandatory reading if you want to be successful.
This is my favorite quote form that book:
"All warfare is based on deception. Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near. Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him."