Why are there white spots on my apples?

Occasionally, apples I buy from the grocery store will have white spots on them. I'd eat the apples anyway, and they haven't hurt me so far, but what are they?

I buy granny smith apples, and the spots look like random, pale discolorations of the skin. They might also have a completely white speck in the middle of them. Are these spots fungi or bacteria colonies, genetic defect, or what? and are they dangerous to eat?
Also, these apples will often taste a bit stranger than normal ones.
 
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