Whooping Cough, also known as Pertussis or the 100 day cough, gives you a "temporary" intense cough. There are really no long-term side effects that I know of, but it is miserable for the 3 months that it lasts. Some of the issues I had when I had Pertussis: I became more susceptible to other things (flu, viral, etc...), I had constant pulled muscles in my stomach, I had rib problems, I developed incontinence problems after a month of constant coughing, I had some vomiting from the intense coughing. On the plus side, I got a really good ab workout from tightening my stomach muscles when I coughed.
You do want to go to the doctor for an official diagnosis and treatment. It can be pretty contagious and you don't want it to spread to those around you.
Most cough meds won't work on the cough.