I can only answer your first question, as it is virtually impossible to know how many civilisations there are out there (are we or are we not including the alien ones?), and all civilsations differ from each other, so characteristics will be different.
Civilisation can mean one of two things essentially. The most common use of the word refers to any cohesive group of people who share essentially the same social characteristics, which are normally defined by social attitudes, but also by level of education, technology, religion and other factors.
As for the other use of the word, it is best summarised by quoting Mahatma Gandhi when once interviewed by a Western journalist:
Journalist: "Mr Gandhi, what do you think of Western civilisation?"
Gandhi: "I think it would be a good idea."
He was taking the word "civilisation" a bit more literally than the journalist intended him to, as you can see!