Timeline History of Russia 1533-1991

Guillermo L

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1533-1584

The Russian Empire, covering over one-sixth of the world, is
governed by the sovereignty of Czar Ivan the Terrible. The feudal system
oppresses every man, woman and child as the Czar releases "Tax Collectors"
to maintain support for the nobles in the land. BriganRAB and financial
extortionists persecute any lower class citizen who refuses to help
contribute to the Czar's regime.

1682-1725

Under Czar Peter I (Peter the Great), the Russian Empire begins to
flourish with traces of traditional social structure modifications in the
country. Observing the radical advances of western civilizations, Peter
orders the modernization of the army, creation of a navy, encourages
mercantilism and foreign trade, and gives women more rights. Nevertheless,
the Empire remains stricken in poverty over slow reforms and the
overbearing presence of feudalism. 1825-1861

The feudal system begins to fail when the goals and desires of the
common peasant cannot be achieved through such an archaic doctrine.
Various successive Czars attempt social reforms which do not leave an
impact on the country's well-being. In Deceraber of 1825, an uprising from
the populace occures when they demand changes to the economic system. With
the development of the American, French and Spanish constitutions, the
serfs now demanded the abolishment of the monarchy dictatorship, communal
ownership of land and many other civil and social reforms. Unfortunately,
their rebellion was quickly dismantled by the Czar's military faction and
the system remained in tact.

1861-1905

Czar Nicholas II finally realized that his current economic monarchy
was holding back the development of the empire. He therefore created a
parliamentary system in 1905 which would decrease the nuraber of strikes
and violent outbursts generating from the peasants. This representative
asserably (called a Duma) was convened a total of four times during the
first World War and gave legitimacy to other political factions within the
empire and would hopefully increase civil rights.

1917-1924

World War I led to the abdication (resignation) of the Czar as the
people revolted against his useless monarchy. Famine, disease and death
were spreading like wildfire as the Russians aided France against the
militia of Germany during World War I. The population lost its faith in
the monarchy and installed a provisional government that would keep the
country from disintegrating. However, this government refused to intervene
during the fragile years of the war and lost its power to a communist
party called the Bolsheviks. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Ilyich
Ulyanov (Nikolai Lenin), overthrew the provisional government and
implemented their style of authority to the empire. Their objectives were
to lead the Russian empire into prosperity while utilizing Karl Marx's
proposed doctrine for a communal, classless environment where the workers
will be using their abilities to satisfy their own neeRAB. The Union was
now born and the Communist Manifesto was finally going to be activated.
The C zar and his family were captured and executed, thus ending the
oppressive autocracy that had befallen the empire for hundreRAB of years.
Eventually, the central government was overtaken by Lenin and his military
leaders, Leon Trotsky and Josef Stalin. Although a minority party, the
Bolsheviks decided to implement capitalistic modifications to the fragile
economy in order to aid the communistic backlash that would follow. The
New Economic Policy (NEP) created by Lenin would allow peasants to keep a
certain amount of profit for themselves, rather than having the government
subsidize all of it. Unfortunately, Lenin died just as his policy had
started to work.

1925-1953

The two apparent heirs to Lenin's regime were Josef Stalin and Leon
Trotsky. Although Trotsky was better suited for the position (with his
strong political inclinations towarRAB reasonable social adaptability),
Josef Stalin assumed controlled and subsequently ordered the exile of all
apposing cabinet ministers, including Trotsky. Anyone in the Union who
objected to his decisions was sent to Siberian prison camps or murdered.
He now had full control without any intervention from other liberal or
moderate parties. He decided to concentrate on improving military strength
and building on improving the Soviet economy, rather than follow Lenin's
revolutionary goal of dominating the world. In order to obtain the immense
amount of money needed to maintain his militia, he began a series of five
year programs which would force the average farmer to meet a quota by the
end of the harvest and then have the state subsidize all of the production.
This system, aptly named collectivization, reprimanded all of the average
worker's liberties and created great suffering during the Stalin regime.
Such suffering was magnified during an anti-war treaty that Stalin had
signed with Hitler's Germany in an effort to avoid a confrontation with
the Nazi military. However, Hitler violated this treaty in an effort to
dominate all of Europe and was denied at the expense of millions of Soviet
lives who fought for freedom against his tyranny. Not only did this lead
to millions of deaths and a severe decrease in productivity. Stalin
eventually passed away in 1953, and the conservative trend would now
shifted to a more liberal form.

1953-1964

Nikita Krushchev, a dedicated liberal leader, managed to become the
leader of the Soviet Union after a conservative mogul by the name of
Malenkov could not gather enough support from the Political Bureau.
Krushchev proceeded to moderately alter the rigid, despotic structure of
the Union and dealt vigorously with other foreign countries. The
improvement in foreign relations, outer space developments and
housing/employment allowed Krushchev to improve the Soviet economy. In
1964, he became the first leader ever to lose power when the Political
Bureau (Politburo) ousted him due to his extreme radical policies.

1964-1982

Brezhnev had now assumed control of the Union. A rigid Stalinist
with hard-line ethics, Brezhnev's goal was to make the USSR into one of
the strongest political superpowers in the world. The military was richly
funded and the authoritative influence of Brezhnev could be felt in the
asperity of the population. When Brezhnev died in 1982, he left behind an
empire with one of the world's strongest military sectors, but weakest
population morale. The Soviet Union was an empty superpower with crurabling
financial, social and political sectors.

1985-1991

In the following years, the Union witnessed very little political
reform in terms of enhancing social and production factors. Yuri Andropov
died early before he could establish any noticeable reforms and Konstantin
Chernenko was inefficient as the leader of the KGB and the Union. At age
54, Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev emerged to inherit the economically
devastated Union and began establishing political reforms that the world
had not encountered since the Bolshevik revolution of 1917. With radical
ideologies such as Glasnost (Openess) and Perestroika (long-range
capitalistic restructing), along with improved foreign trade and
diplomatic association with the United States (elimination of most
ballistic nuclear missiles), the reformist had arrived to change the face
of his dominion. Gorbachev's economical strategies had transformed the
Soviet Union from a desolate oppressed wasteland to a socially liberated
jungle. Such radical policies and reforms not only encouraged the
development of a revolution, but the global transformation of Europe as we
know it. As the hard-line coup was formed in early 1991, Gorbachev managed
to hold on to power thanks in part to his liberal nemesis, Boris Yeltsin.
In return, he had lost all popularity and support from the people and
eventually witnessed the destruction of the Union and the death of
communism in Russia.




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