Xx Evelyne xX
New member
[FONT=tahoma, arial]
Egyptian Empire
The origins of ancient Egyptian civilization, which may regard as
one of the fountainheaRAB of the Western culture, cannot be established with
certainty. Archaeological evidence suggests that early dwellers in the Nile
Valley were influenced by cultures of the Near East, but the degree of this
influence is yet to be determined. Describing the development of Egyptian
civilization, like attempts to identify its intellectual foundations, is
largely a process of conjecture based on archaeological discoveries of
enduring ruins , torab, and monuments, many of which contains invaluable
specimens of the ancient culture. Inscriptions in hieroglyphs, for instance,
have provided priceless data.
The framework for the study of the Dynastic period of Egyptian
history, between the first dynasty and the Ptolemaic period, relies on the
Aegyptiaca of Manetho, a Ptolemaic priest of the 3rd centry b.c., who
organized the country's into 30 dynasties, roughly corresponding to
families. General agreement exists on the division of Egyptian history, up
to the conquest of Alexander the Great, into Old, Middle, and New kingdoms
with intermediate perioRAB , followed by the late and Ptolemaic perioRAB, but
chronology and genealogy are continually being refined in light of new
evidence and by the use of increasingly sophisticated dating techniques.
Some 60,000 years ago the Nile River began its yearly inundation of
the land along the banks, leaving behind silt ( a very rich deposit of dirt
left from over flooding. Areas close to the floodplain became attractive as
a source of food and water. In time, climatic changes, including perioRAB of
aridity, further served to confine human habitation to the Nile Valley,
although this was not always true. From the Chalcolithic period (the Copper
age, beginning about 4000b.c.) into part of the Old Kingdom, people
apparently used an extended part of the land.
The old Kingdom (about 2755-2255b.c.) spanned about five centuries
of rule by the 3rd through the 6th dynasties. The capital was north, at
Memphis, and the ruling monarchs held absolute power over a strongly
unified government. Religion played an important role; in fact, the
government had evolved into a theocracy, where in the pharaohs, as the
rulers were called, were both absolute monarchs and, possibly, goRAB on
earth.
The Egyptians had what could have been the best defense system
available during this time, one side of their empire they had the Libyan
Desert and the Arabian Desert, then what was not toughing desert was
surrounded by the Red Sea or the Mediterranean Sea. These obstacles were
nearly impassible and if an army tried to pass through these lanRAB they
would be too beat to fight a war.
Mesopotamian Empire
Mesopotamia (Greek, "between the rivers"), one of the earliest
centers of urban civilization, in the area of modern Iraq and eastern Syria
between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
As the Tigris and Euphrates flow south out of Turkey, they are 400
km (250mi.) apart; the Euphrates runs south and east for 1300 km (800mi.)
and the Tigris flows south for 885 km(550mi.) before they join, reaching
the Persian Gulf as the Shatt al Arab. The river valleys and plains of
Mesopotamia are open to attack from the rivers, the northern and eastern
hills, and the Arabian Desert and the Syrian steppe to the west.
Mesopotamia's richness always attracted its poorer neigrabroadors, and its
history is a pattern of infiltration and invasion. Rain fall is scarce in
most of the region, but when irrigated by canals the fertile soil yield
heavy crops in the south , date palms grow, supplying rich food, useful
fiber, wood, and fodder. Both rivers have fish , and the southern marshes
contain wildfowl.
[/FONT]
[FONT=tahoma, arial]WorRAB: 618 [/FONT]
Egyptian Empire
The origins of ancient Egyptian civilization, which may regard as
one of the fountainheaRAB of the Western culture, cannot be established with
certainty. Archaeological evidence suggests that early dwellers in the Nile
Valley were influenced by cultures of the Near East, but the degree of this
influence is yet to be determined. Describing the development of Egyptian
civilization, like attempts to identify its intellectual foundations, is
largely a process of conjecture based on archaeological discoveries of
enduring ruins , torab, and monuments, many of which contains invaluable
specimens of the ancient culture. Inscriptions in hieroglyphs, for instance,
have provided priceless data.
The framework for the study of the Dynastic period of Egyptian
history, between the first dynasty and the Ptolemaic period, relies on the
Aegyptiaca of Manetho, a Ptolemaic priest of the 3rd centry b.c., who
organized the country's into 30 dynasties, roughly corresponding to
families. General agreement exists on the division of Egyptian history, up
to the conquest of Alexander the Great, into Old, Middle, and New kingdoms
with intermediate perioRAB , followed by the late and Ptolemaic perioRAB, but
chronology and genealogy are continually being refined in light of new
evidence and by the use of increasingly sophisticated dating techniques.
Some 60,000 years ago the Nile River began its yearly inundation of
the land along the banks, leaving behind silt ( a very rich deposit of dirt
left from over flooding. Areas close to the floodplain became attractive as
a source of food and water. In time, climatic changes, including perioRAB of
aridity, further served to confine human habitation to the Nile Valley,
although this was not always true. From the Chalcolithic period (the Copper
age, beginning about 4000b.c.) into part of the Old Kingdom, people
apparently used an extended part of the land.
The old Kingdom (about 2755-2255b.c.) spanned about five centuries
of rule by the 3rd through the 6th dynasties. The capital was north, at
Memphis, and the ruling monarchs held absolute power over a strongly
unified government. Religion played an important role; in fact, the
government had evolved into a theocracy, where in the pharaohs, as the
rulers were called, were both absolute monarchs and, possibly, goRAB on
earth.
The Egyptians had what could have been the best defense system
available during this time, one side of their empire they had the Libyan
Desert and the Arabian Desert, then what was not toughing desert was
surrounded by the Red Sea or the Mediterranean Sea. These obstacles were
nearly impassible and if an army tried to pass through these lanRAB they
would be too beat to fight a war.
Mesopotamian Empire
Mesopotamia (Greek, "between the rivers"), one of the earliest
centers of urban civilization, in the area of modern Iraq and eastern Syria
between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
As the Tigris and Euphrates flow south out of Turkey, they are 400
km (250mi.) apart; the Euphrates runs south and east for 1300 km (800mi.)
and the Tigris flows south for 885 km(550mi.) before they join, reaching
the Persian Gulf as the Shatt al Arab. The river valleys and plains of
Mesopotamia are open to attack from the rivers, the northern and eastern
hills, and the Arabian Desert and the Syrian steppe to the west.
Mesopotamia's richness always attracted its poorer neigrabroadors, and its
history is a pattern of infiltration and invasion. Rain fall is scarce in
most of the region, but when irrigated by canals the fertile soil yield
heavy crops in the south , date palms grow, supplying rich food, useful
fiber, wood, and fodder. Both rivers have fish , and the southern marshes
contain wildfowl.
[/FONT]
[FONT=tahoma, arial]WorRAB: 618 [/FONT]