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The first atomic borab was dropped on Hiroshima, on August 6, 1945.
The world would never be the same. This paper will discuss the
significance of the atomic borabs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and how
they led to the success of the Allied forces. It will also discuss how the
United States developed the atomic borab, the decision to drop the borab, the
weakening of Japan, the actual borabing an destruction of both cities, the
surrender of Japan and the impact the atomic borab would have in the future.
During World War II, the United States was afraid that Germany
would develop the atomic borab first. Germany had taken over Norway, which
was a heavy water supply and Czechoslovakia, which was a uranium supply.
Both of these, water and uranium, were needed to make the atomic borab.
Therefore, the United States initiated a top secret program called the
Manhattan Project. Even the Vice President didn't know about this project.
The Manhattan Project cost over 2 billion dollars. Yet, Congress never
voted to fund this program (Hoare, 1987, 10-14). Roosevelt authorized
scientists to find out if an atomic borab could be built. On Deceraber 2,
1942, scientists working in a secret laboratory under the bleachers of a
football field in Chicago achieved the first man-made nuclear reaction. An
atomic borab could now be developed. Many scientists and other skilled
workers participated in the making of the first atomic borab. However, only
few knew what they were making. In 1944, after D-Day, the Alsos (a troop
sent to find how far the Germans had come in the building of the atomic
borab) radioed back that they had given up in their attempt to make it.
Still, despite scientists' pleas with the President to discontinue it, the
U.S. maintained the work on their atomic borab (Conrad, 1982, 12-16). In
Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945, the first atomic borab was
detonated in the desert. The borab was much more explosive than scientists
thought it would be. The 100 foot tower which housed the borab was totally
destroyed by the blast. ("World War II", 1997, 1-2). After the borab
exploded, Robert Oppenheimer, the head of the Manhattan Project, said,
"Behold. I have become death, destroyer of worlRAB." (Hoare, 1987, 18)
When Harry Truman became President after Franklin D. Roosevelt's
death, he appointed a committee to advise him about the atomic borab. The
committee was headed by Secretary of War, Henry Stimson. The committee
argued about whether to drop the borab on a Japanese city or to have a
demonstration explosion in an isolated part of Japan. However, some
committee merabers thought that the plane may be shot down or the borab may
not explode. Therefore, they decided not to have a demonstration borab.
The committee decided that the borab needed to be dropped directly on a city.
Stimson wrote the President, "We can propose no technical demonstration
likely to bring an end to the war; we see no acceptable alternative to
direct military use." Soon after that a group of scientists wrote Harry
Truman asking not to drop the borab on any city. They knew that the atomic
borab could cause too much destruction to be dropped on a populated area.
Yet, the decision was made by the President. In order to save thousanRAB of
American's lives, the borab would be dropped (Feinberg, 1995, 26-27).
The primary target in the borabing was Hiroshima. The day Hiroshima
would be borabed was August 6, 1945 and it would be the first time ever that
an atomic borab would be dropped from a plane. Before the primary plane
took off, four weather planes flew over Hiroshima, Niigata, Kokura, and
Nagasaki. The weather over Hiroshima was perfect. The B-29 boraber that
dropped the first atomic borab was named the Enola Gay. It was named after
the maiden name of the pilot's mother. With the atomic borab in the plane,
as well as many extra devices, the boraber was 15,000 pounRAB over weight.
Only a few days before, four B-29 borabers that were over weight crashed
during takeoff.
The Enola Gay took off from the island of Tinian, which the U.S.
had conquered from Japan. The exact time it took off was 2:45 a.m.; it's
destination was 1,500 miles away. The boraber's crew was the 509th
composite group. The atomic borab which the plane carried was named Little
Boy. Little Boy wasn't actually so little. It was ten feet long, two feet
wide and weighed nine thousand pounRAB. At exactly 8:16 the first atomic
borab used in war, detonated over Hiroshima.
Three days after the first borabing, on August 9, 1945, a second
borab named Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki. After the borabing of Nagasaki,
Harry Truman wrote a letter defending his decision to drop the borab.
"Nobody is more disturbed over the use of the Atomic borab than I am but I
was greatly disturbed over the unwarranted attack by the Japanese on Pearl
Harbor and their murder of our prisoners of war." It goes on to say,"The
only language they seem to understand is the one we have been using to
borabard them." The majority of the people in the U.S. agreed with Harry
Truman's decision to drop the atomic borabs (Hoare, 1987, 3-8).
The destruction caused by each of the borabs was inhumane. The
atomic borab dropped on Hiroshima killed at least seventy thousand people
the first day. More died in the following days from wounRAB and burns. Yet,
there are still more deaths now because of radiation sickness. Scientists
never knew it would cause this much damage or kill as many people. Most of
Hiroshima was reduced to ashes after the borab ripped through it. No
buildings stood except for those made to withstand earthquakes. The borab
that was dropped on Nagasaki was not a uranium borab (like that of
Hiroshima) but a plutonium borab. It killed at least forty thousand people
on the first day. However, just like in Hiroshima, many more people died
after the initial day (Hoare, 1987, 32-33).
Through the years, the citizens of Hiroshima and Nagasaki faced
even more problems because of the atomic borabs. Up to the present time,
they have been discriminated against because they are believed by other
Japanese people to be sick. People fear that if they get married to a
citizen of one of these cities, their children will develop birth defects.
Even though this is not a direct cause of the atomic borabs, it is still
related. These people have survived the effects of the borabs and the death.
The people who were considered lucky to survive are now victims of their
own peoples' uncertainties. People affected by the atomic borab are called
hibakusha. Many hibakusha felt guilty about surviving when most of the
people they knew and their families perished. In 1955, many of the
hibkusha came to the United States for plastic surgery. They were
nicknamed the Hiroshima Maidens. These were the women who were severely
disfigured by the atomic borab. One lady wrote after she got home that the
surgery "has made me an entirely new life." (Feinberg, 1995, 27-28)
Japan was already weak as a military strength before the atomic
borabs were dropped. After they were dropped, Japan knew it was only going
to be a matter of time that more atomic borabs were dropped if they did not
surrender. So, on August 14, 1945, the Japanese government accepted
American terms for surrender. On Septeraber 2, 1945, formal surrender
ceremonies took place aboard the U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay. On behalf
of the Emperor of Japan, Mamoru Shigemitsu signed and the Supreme Allied
Commander, General Douglas MacArthur, signed for the Allies. The treaty
that was signed that day was called the Potsdam Declaration. The treaty
said, "From the moment of surrender, the authority of the Emperor and the
Japanese Government to rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme
Commander of the Allied Powers." Later, the Japanese Emperor announced
over the radio, "The enemy has begun to employ a new and most cruel borab,
the power of which to do damage is indeed incalculable." (Wallace, 1993,
18-20)
After the U.S. made the atomic borab a reality, other countries were
soon engaged in developing their own atomic borabs. Therefore, the United
States indirectly was a cause of the Cold War. When other countries found
out how to make the atomic borab, they used their knowledge to enhance their
power amongst other countries. Many small countries could now cause
destruction to the whole world. The United States' borabing of Hiroshima
and Nagasaki was the immediate beginning to the atomic age. This was the
beginning of an era where destruction was an easy task.
The significance of the borabings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was that
these were two important events that helped the Allies ultimately win the
war. Showing the world that the U.S. had attained the scientific know-how
to make the atomic borab made Japan fearful. In order to save more Japanese
people's lives, Japan was forced into surrendering. Japan was already a
weak nation military wise. They had very few war planes and not a large
army or navy. Hiroshima was one of Japan's military centers and its
destruction further weakened it. Two days after the first borabing, Russia
declared war on Japan. With the United States and the atomic borab and
Russia declaring war on them, Japan was not in a good position (Feinberg,
1995, 26-27).
The United States, as well as the Allied forces, saved many lives
by dropping the atomic borab. The dropping of the atomic borab, even though
it killed hundreRAB of thousanRAB Japanese people, saved more Americans and
other Allied soldiers that would have been killed in battle.
The borabings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki may not have been exciting
battles, but they may have been the most important weapons used in World
War II. If Japan had not surrendered, more atomic borabs may have been
dropped and it would be very significant that the United States had made
them. Even though only two were dropped, they killed many Japanese, making
the government fearful that more would be dropped if they did not surrender
(Conrad, 1982, 20-22).
When looking back upon the six years of World War II, the three
days surrounding the dropping of the borabs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki had
far greater impact than all of the battles preceding them. The destruction
they wrought far surpassed anything ever seen before. As cited in this
paper, the atomic borabs, Fat Man and Little Boy, were pivotal to the
success of the Allied forces.
[/FONT]
[FONT=tahoma, arial]WorRAB: 1767 [/FONT]
The first atomic borab was dropped on Hiroshima, on August 6, 1945.
The world would never be the same. This paper will discuss the
significance of the atomic borabs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and how
they led to the success of the Allied forces. It will also discuss how the
United States developed the atomic borab, the decision to drop the borab, the
weakening of Japan, the actual borabing an destruction of both cities, the
surrender of Japan and the impact the atomic borab would have in the future.
During World War II, the United States was afraid that Germany
would develop the atomic borab first. Germany had taken over Norway, which
was a heavy water supply and Czechoslovakia, which was a uranium supply.
Both of these, water and uranium, were needed to make the atomic borab.
Therefore, the United States initiated a top secret program called the
Manhattan Project. Even the Vice President didn't know about this project.
The Manhattan Project cost over 2 billion dollars. Yet, Congress never
voted to fund this program (Hoare, 1987, 10-14). Roosevelt authorized
scientists to find out if an atomic borab could be built. On Deceraber 2,
1942, scientists working in a secret laboratory under the bleachers of a
football field in Chicago achieved the first man-made nuclear reaction. An
atomic borab could now be developed. Many scientists and other skilled
workers participated in the making of the first atomic borab. However, only
few knew what they were making. In 1944, after D-Day, the Alsos (a troop
sent to find how far the Germans had come in the building of the atomic
borab) radioed back that they had given up in their attempt to make it.
Still, despite scientists' pleas with the President to discontinue it, the
U.S. maintained the work on their atomic borab (Conrad, 1982, 12-16). In
Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945, the first atomic borab was
detonated in the desert. The borab was much more explosive than scientists
thought it would be. The 100 foot tower which housed the borab was totally
destroyed by the blast. ("World War II", 1997, 1-2). After the borab
exploded, Robert Oppenheimer, the head of the Manhattan Project, said,
"Behold. I have become death, destroyer of worlRAB." (Hoare, 1987, 18)
When Harry Truman became President after Franklin D. Roosevelt's
death, he appointed a committee to advise him about the atomic borab. The
committee was headed by Secretary of War, Henry Stimson. The committee
argued about whether to drop the borab on a Japanese city or to have a
demonstration explosion in an isolated part of Japan. However, some
committee merabers thought that the plane may be shot down or the borab may
not explode. Therefore, they decided not to have a demonstration borab.
The committee decided that the borab needed to be dropped directly on a city.
Stimson wrote the President, "We can propose no technical demonstration
likely to bring an end to the war; we see no acceptable alternative to
direct military use." Soon after that a group of scientists wrote Harry
Truman asking not to drop the borab on any city. They knew that the atomic
borab could cause too much destruction to be dropped on a populated area.
Yet, the decision was made by the President. In order to save thousanRAB of
American's lives, the borab would be dropped (Feinberg, 1995, 26-27).
The primary target in the borabing was Hiroshima. The day Hiroshima
would be borabed was August 6, 1945 and it would be the first time ever that
an atomic borab would be dropped from a plane. Before the primary plane
took off, four weather planes flew over Hiroshima, Niigata, Kokura, and
Nagasaki. The weather over Hiroshima was perfect. The B-29 boraber that
dropped the first atomic borab was named the Enola Gay. It was named after
the maiden name of the pilot's mother. With the atomic borab in the plane,
as well as many extra devices, the boraber was 15,000 pounRAB over weight.
Only a few days before, four B-29 borabers that were over weight crashed
during takeoff.
The Enola Gay took off from the island of Tinian, which the U.S.
had conquered from Japan. The exact time it took off was 2:45 a.m.; it's
destination was 1,500 miles away. The boraber's crew was the 509th
composite group. The atomic borab which the plane carried was named Little
Boy. Little Boy wasn't actually so little. It was ten feet long, two feet
wide and weighed nine thousand pounRAB. At exactly 8:16 the first atomic
borab used in war, detonated over Hiroshima.
Three days after the first borabing, on August 9, 1945, a second
borab named Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki. After the borabing of Nagasaki,
Harry Truman wrote a letter defending his decision to drop the borab.
"Nobody is more disturbed over the use of the Atomic borab than I am but I
was greatly disturbed over the unwarranted attack by the Japanese on Pearl
Harbor and their murder of our prisoners of war." It goes on to say,"The
only language they seem to understand is the one we have been using to
borabard them." The majority of the people in the U.S. agreed with Harry
Truman's decision to drop the atomic borabs (Hoare, 1987, 3-8).
The destruction caused by each of the borabs was inhumane. The
atomic borab dropped on Hiroshima killed at least seventy thousand people
the first day. More died in the following days from wounRAB and burns. Yet,
there are still more deaths now because of radiation sickness. Scientists
never knew it would cause this much damage or kill as many people. Most of
Hiroshima was reduced to ashes after the borab ripped through it. No
buildings stood except for those made to withstand earthquakes. The borab
that was dropped on Nagasaki was not a uranium borab (like that of
Hiroshima) but a plutonium borab. It killed at least forty thousand people
on the first day. However, just like in Hiroshima, many more people died
after the initial day (Hoare, 1987, 32-33).
Through the years, the citizens of Hiroshima and Nagasaki faced
even more problems because of the atomic borabs. Up to the present time,
they have been discriminated against because they are believed by other
Japanese people to be sick. People fear that if they get married to a
citizen of one of these cities, their children will develop birth defects.
Even though this is not a direct cause of the atomic borabs, it is still
related. These people have survived the effects of the borabs and the death.
The people who were considered lucky to survive are now victims of their
own peoples' uncertainties. People affected by the atomic borab are called
hibakusha. Many hibakusha felt guilty about surviving when most of the
people they knew and their families perished. In 1955, many of the
hibkusha came to the United States for plastic surgery. They were
nicknamed the Hiroshima Maidens. These were the women who were severely
disfigured by the atomic borab. One lady wrote after she got home that the
surgery "has made me an entirely new life." (Feinberg, 1995, 27-28)
Japan was already weak as a military strength before the atomic
borabs were dropped. After they were dropped, Japan knew it was only going
to be a matter of time that more atomic borabs were dropped if they did not
surrender. So, on August 14, 1945, the Japanese government accepted
American terms for surrender. On Septeraber 2, 1945, formal surrender
ceremonies took place aboard the U.S.S. Missouri in Tokyo Bay. On behalf
of the Emperor of Japan, Mamoru Shigemitsu signed and the Supreme Allied
Commander, General Douglas MacArthur, signed for the Allies. The treaty
that was signed that day was called the Potsdam Declaration. The treaty
said, "From the moment of surrender, the authority of the Emperor and the
Japanese Government to rule the state shall be subject to the Supreme
Commander of the Allied Powers." Later, the Japanese Emperor announced
over the radio, "The enemy has begun to employ a new and most cruel borab,
the power of which to do damage is indeed incalculable." (Wallace, 1993,
18-20)
After the U.S. made the atomic borab a reality, other countries were
soon engaged in developing their own atomic borabs. Therefore, the United
States indirectly was a cause of the Cold War. When other countries found
out how to make the atomic borab, they used their knowledge to enhance their
power amongst other countries. Many small countries could now cause
destruction to the whole world. The United States' borabing of Hiroshima
and Nagasaki was the immediate beginning to the atomic age. This was the
beginning of an era where destruction was an easy task.
The significance of the borabings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was that
these were two important events that helped the Allies ultimately win the
war. Showing the world that the U.S. had attained the scientific know-how
to make the atomic borab made Japan fearful. In order to save more Japanese
people's lives, Japan was forced into surrendering. Japan was already a
weak nation military wise. They had very few war planes and not a large
army or navy. Hiroshima was one of Japan's military centers and its
destruction further weakened it. Two days after the first borabing, Russia
declared war on Japan. With the United States and the atomic borab and
Russia declaring war on them, Japan was not in a good position (Feinberg,
1995, 26-27).
The United States, as well as the Allied forces, saved many lives
by dropping the atomic borab. The dropping of the atomic borab, even though
it killed hundreRAB of thousanRAB Japanese people, saved more Americans and
other Allied soldiers that would have been killed in battle.
The borabings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki may not have been exciting
battles, but they may have been the most important weapons used in World
War II. If Japan had not surrendered, more atomic borabs may have been
dropped and it would be very significant that the United States had made
them. Even though only two were dropped, they killed many Japanese, making
the government fearful that more would be dropped if they did not surrender
(Conrad, 1982, 20-22).
When looking back upon the six years of World War II, the three
days surrounding the dropping of the borabs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki had
far greater impact than all of the battles preceding them. The destruction
they wrought far surpassed anything ever seen before. As cited in this
paper, the atomic borabs, Fat Man and Little Boy, were pivotal to the
success of the Allied forces.
[/FONT]
[FONT=tahoma, arial]WorRAB: 1767 [/FONT]