No fish can live in a fish bowl, so you can forget that.
The only time you could keep a fish without a filter is if you did 100% water changes at least once a week and had a tank (not a bowl) of at least 2.5 gallons, and the only fish you could keep like this is a betta. Also, bettas need heaters, since they're tropical fish.
Bettas SHOULD live for 2-3 years, so if they've been dieing "quickly" on you, you haven't been caring for them properly.
Fish are living creatures and need to be cared for just like any other pet. It sounds like you aren't really willing to give them that care, so I suggest finding something else to decorate your office.
If you ARE willing to put in the time and effort it takes to care for a fish, then a blue paradise fish is actually a pretty good idea. You would need a tank of at least 5 gallons, absolutely no less than that. You wouldn't need a heater, but you WOULD need a filter, and you'd have to learn about tank cycling--that's not an option, that's a requirement for keeping your fish alive.
I have my male blue paradise fish in a 5.5 gallon heavily planted tank with a small sponge filter. He's extremely active and curious, and will go absolutely nuts the minute he sees me. He also "follows" me around the room, zooming over to whichever corner of the tank I'm closest to and watching me. I'd love to get him a 10 gallon tank, and when I get the space for one in the future he'll be upgraded.
Paradise fish are awesome little guys, but again, they, like any fish, require a lot more care than you seem to think is necessary.