This is a prime example why you don't listen to people with humanities degrees!!!! Your teacher is completely wrong. As I'm sure you're aware the universe is expanding due to the big bang. However, what you may or may not know is that the stars/galaxies are not themselves moving, it is the space between them which is expanding. This is hard to visualise and the best anology I can come up with is to imagine a balloon. It's deflated and you draw some dots on it, you then blow it up. The dots move apart, even though the dots themselves aren't moving. This is exactly what happens in the big bang. We can prove this because just after the big bang there was lots of energy released in the form of gamma rays, these have now been stretched to be microwaves (longer wavelength) due to the expansion of space itself. This phoenomina is known as cosmic background radiation - its the same stuff responsible for the grey pixels on your T.V when its not properly tuned it.
Anyway back to your question. Its difficult to try and explain without a diagram but I can try. Imagine a galaxy is x metres away from us. At x metres space is expanding at a constant rate, meaning this galaxy is moving away from us with a speed of v m/s. If we now look at another galaxy at 2x metres away it will be receeding with a speed of 2v. 3x is 3v and so on. This process can continue indefinately until the edge of the observable universe. At this point the speed of recession v, becomes so large that its actually greater than the speed of light. This means light from beyond this point will not reach our eyes and so we cannot see it because nothing, besides recession can travel faster than the speed of light. Objects beyond this point are beyond the observable universe. This is why when you look up in the night sky there are a finite amount of stars. There are far more stars in the sky, its just we can't see them since the light from them will never reach us. This again is proof for the big bang since if recession wasn't occuring then the sky would just be white with light and would have no gaps since the light from every single star, ANYWHERE in the universe would reach us. This is ofcourse nonsense. In summary, we can NEVER go beyond the edge of the observable universe.
Interesting fact: eventually (a LONG time into the future) the sun will be beyond our observable universe and we won't be able to see it!
Hope this answered your question. Feel free to show it to your teacher!