Caliper pistons or guides (floating type) will create the same problem not releasing pressure properly. A rubber hose to caliper can collapse internally and cause excessive pressure as well, although not as common, I've seen this a few times.
Also, Bad master cylinder or M/C to brake pedal plunger rod
out of adjustment could cause this as well, or antilock brake component or
Proportioning valve.
Here is the simple test.
Jack the wheels off the ground and pump up the brakes by repeatedly applying the brake pedal.
Now spin the wheels. if they stick, pump up the brake pressure again and crack the bleeder valve loose on the caliper. If the pressure releases immediately, the problem is not the caliper. It is the rubber hose or other above mentioned component. If it stays tight and doesn't spin freely, it is definitely the caliper.
On antilock systems, if you collapse the caliper pistons and allow the fluid to backflush into the system, it could plug screens filtering dirt in antilock system.
You should always clamp the hose (most models) and expell the fluid out the bleeder valve when compressing the piston(s), rather than backflushing. Then, add fluid at reservoir and bleed the system at caliper/cylinder bleeder valve(s).