My advice is, if you put these 24's on your vehicle, find tires that have the same outer diameter as the stock size. Example; If your tires on the vehicle now are P235/70R15 go with P235/70R24. It will look like you have rubber bands for tires and you will have to be very careful of pot holes and speed bumps. Personally I would go with a smaller rim size because if your rim is a 15" you are talking about going up 9" in rim size. But I think it is doable. People do that all the time to get more stability (less roll from the tire) when turning. You can look through the tire sizes at summit racing equipment online.
It will put more strain on the transmission due to the amount of rotating mass you will have... You will notice that the acceleration will drop because it has to turn a bigger wheel. Like I said, it will cause more strain on it but not as significant as you may think.
Yes it will , and other bad things as well. This may look "cool" on a show car, but sucks on a daily driver. Think about 18's, you'll be a lot happier.