yes, famine war genocide, but on its own no. When alot of kids are born in some places alot will die but alot wont and will have kids before they die. In areas like that they typically have more than 1 kid so the population will not go down at all.
While births are important they are not everything. A child is registered as a live birth as soon as it draws a breath. If the mother cannot feed the child and it starves to death a week later, it is still a birth. If a given population has X number of adult deaths a year and have 3X births a year it looks great on paper. But if 2/3 + 1 of those children die in the first year of life you will have a declining population.
It really is just simple arithmetic. It doesn't matter where the deaths come from, if they exceed the "high" birth rate the population will shrink.