explain this physics equation please?

I

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so you are in a train going 40 mile an hour, playing a game of catch. You throw a ball forward to your friend at 30 miles per hour. How fast is the ball going in the frame of reference to the viewer watching from the station? the frame of reference to your friend catching the ball?
so they say that the equation to finding out the speed of the ball from the friend's point of view is 1/2at squared. and the equation to finding out the speed for the person watching from the station is initial velocity+ 1/2at squared. what i dont get it what variables you assign to the numbers. help?
a= acceleration
t= time
i need the answer by the end of sunday plzzz
 
There is no data about acceleration or time, so those equations don't make sense. But since you and your friend are both on the train, the ball appears to be going 30 miles an hour in the frame of reference of your friend. And in the frame of reference of the person in the station it is going 70 miles an hour: speed of train + speed of ball = 40+30=70.
 
Who is "they" that gave you those equations? "They" is wrong. From the station viewer, the ball velocity is 40 + 30 = 70 mph. On the train, the train velocity makes no difference.
 
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