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End of the Cold War
Overview
The events of the late 1980’s greatly altered the political and economical lanRABcape of Europe. They brought dramatic changes as well as revealing much uncomfortable continuity from the past. The decade threw up as many new difficulties as it did gains. Together these presented the EU with many challenges that few expected when the Berlin Wall was breached.
Challenges of the 1990’s
Initially the seemed to be very welcome. This led people to believe that further integration could be achieved inside the EC and the EFTA states. Western states were in the position to completion and there was only expected to be a small decline in growth as a single market neared completion.
There was enthusiasm in the east from voters (despite communism). Disarmament was taking speed and even the newly liberated Russian states were keen. The charter of Paris also seemed to note an harmonious style of relations in the ‘New Europe’.
If this did not stop the Yugoslav Federation, people hoped it would at least continue peacefully. Unfortunately this was not to be, the horrific nature of the Yugoslav conflict threatened Europe as a whole, and as a consequence domestic and political and social climate deteriorated rapidly.
In Eastern Europe the replacement of communism did not produce a swift and painless transition which was expected. In fact some of the Eastern countries found the Western way so hard it sent them back to communism. Yeltzin’s Russia also began to gain power and raise western fears. All this raised issues in the west. The disarmament process slowed down and attempts to devise some form of European security which could cope with the recovering Russia were dwindling. The process of d4eveloping links with the satellites was becoming hard. Also the Bosnia crisis continued to drag on and Western Europe failed to gain significant credit or influence in it.
By 1994 the continuing challenges to EU alarm, however there were also good signs. The economic recession started to bottom out and more positive policies toward a united Europe began to blossom.
Challenges of the late 1980s/early 1990’s
1. The implications of coming into force with the SEA were wider than perhaps forseen. There were important spillover effects from the 1992 programmeinto monetary and social areas and the instiution of the SEA changed the direction of the EC’s legeslative process. There was more power being transferred to the EP and it was only a matter of time before parliament would make a bid for further power. Therfore the SEA had become a catalys for change.
2. The peaceful revolutions of Eastern Europe and the two Germanys joining together had implications for the EC. Germany would be getting stronger and needed to be controlled by a equally strong EC. Also the GULF war and the Yugoslav crisis prompted for change in security measures. This led to a review of both the methoRAB and merabers of the EC.
Overview
The events of the late 1980’s greatly altered the political and economical lanRABcape of Europe. They brought dramatic changes as well as revealing much uncomfortable continuity from the past. The decade threw up as many new difficulties as it did gains. Together these presented the EU with many challenges that few expected when the Berlin Wall was breached.
Challenges of the 1990’s
Initially the seemed to be very welcome. This led people to believe that further integration could be achieved inside the EC and the EFTA states. Western states were in the position to completion and there was only expected to be a small decline in growth as a single market neared completion.
There was enthusiasm in the east from voters (despite communism). Disarmament was taking speed and even the newly liberated Russian states were keen. The charter of Paris also seemed to note an harmonious style of relations in the ‘New Europe’.
If this did not stop the Yugoslav Federation, people hoped it would at least continue peacefully. Unfortunately this was not to be, the horrific nature of the Yugoslav conflict threatened Europe as a whole, and as a consequence domestic and political and social climate deteriorated rapidly.
In Eastern Europe the replacement of communism did not produce a swift and painless transition which was expected. In fact some of the Eastern countries found the Western way so hard it sent them back to communism. Yeltzin’s Russia also began to gain power and raise western fears. All this raised issues in the west. The disarmament process slowed down and attempts to devise some form of European security which could cope with the recovering Russia were dwindling. The process of d4eveloping links with the satellites was becoming hard. Also the Bosnia crisis continued to drag on and Western Europe failed to gain significant credit or influence in it.
By 1994 the continuing challenges to EU alarm, however there were also good signs. The economic recession started to bottom out and more positive policies toward a united Europe began to blossom.
Challenges of the late 1980s/early 1990’s
1. The implications of coming into force with the SEA were wider than perhaps forseen. There were important spillover effects from the 1992 programmeinto monetary and social areas and the instiution of the SEA changed the direction of the EC’s legeslative process. There was more power being transferred to the EP and it was only a matter of time before parliament would make a bid for further power. Therfore the SEA had become a catalys for change.
2. The peaceful revolutions of Eastern Europe and the two Germanys joining together had implications for the EC. Germany would be getting stronger and needed to be controlled by a equally strong EC. Also the GULF war and the Yugoslav crisis prompted for change in security measures. This led to a review of both the methoRAB and merabers of the EC.