a couple of scratches rarely does that much harm, unless the game is defective. did ur console stop working after/while u were playing it? if so, its most likely defective. if not, think about what else it couldve been (other games, overheat, dust buildup)
a game CAN ruin a console in one way, if you have you xbox standing upright and it fell off the track the disk could potentially scratch the lens which reads all the disks you put into your xbox along with ruining the disk but other than that if that didnt happen then no your xbox should be fine