Cause of damage in electronics due to voltage variations.?

First

New member
What are the damage mechanisms in electronics due to voltages outside the specifications of the equipments? I often read people complains about low voltage from power station causing damage in their electronics but does low voltage really damage electronics? If it does, how? Doesn't the equipment just not work properly as opposed to being damaged due to high voltage?

Does power variation (still within the specs) also damage electronics, and how?

Where can I find more information about this since text books (physics or electrical. engr.) eplain how things work but no information on various kinds of damage and how the damage occur.
 
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